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Treasury weighs action on mortgage rates
Plan would aim to buoy housing market by forcing down the cost of loans
By David Cho, Zachary A. Goldfarb and Dina ElBoghdady
The Washington Post
The Treasury Department is strongly considering a plan to intervene directly in the mortgage industry to dramatically force down rates and stimulate the moribund housing market, according to sources familiar with the proposal.
Under the initiative, the Treasury would offer to buy securities that finance newly issued loans for home purchases, according to the sources. But to participate in the government’s program, mortgage lenders would have to set exceptionally low interest rates, for instance, no more than 4.5 percent for traditional, 30-year fixed-rate loans.
These securities would be purchased primarily from Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the financing giants that buy most mortgages from U.S. lenders, according to sources who spoke on condition of anonymity because the plan has not been finalized.
The cost of the plan and source of funding remain unclear. One possibility is for the Treasury to raise money by issuing bonds to the public at 3 percent interest. This could allow the government to turn a profit because it would be buying securities that pay 4.5 percent.
At a meeting attended by the Treasury’s Interim Assistant Secretary for Financial Stability Neel Kashkari and the National Association of Realtors in mid-November, senior Treasury officials said they were optimistic that subsidizing lower mortgage rates with taxpayer dollars would help revive the housing market, sources said.
Treasury officials told the Realtors that the plan could be a more effective way to help homeowners than focusing efforts solely on borrowers who are struggling to meet their monthly payments, the sources said. Democratic lawmakers have been advocating a proposal to modify the mortgages of distressed homeowners.
A source said Treasury officials suggested at the meeting that the Realtors start a grass-roots campaign to press the mortgage rate plan with lawmakers.
Treasury officials described the situation as fluid and said the plan was still being finalized, according to people in contact with the department. The officials expressed concerns yesterday that premature disclosure of the plan could prompt Americans to put off buying homes and hold out for a better rate, sources added.
Treasury spokeswoman Brookly McLaughlin said she would not comment on the matter.
Key to solving financial crisis
Treasury Secretary Henry M. Paulson Jr. has said that a recovery in the housing market is key to solving the financial crisis. Such a rebound would restore confidence in the banking system and support the value of troubled assets backed by mortgages.
Though he has said a mortgage modification plan proposed by Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. Chairman Sheila C. Bair could help the housing market, Paulson has expressed concerns about whether it would reward borrowers who bought houses they couldn’t afford. Bair’s plan would use tens of billions in federal funds to modify adjustable-rate mortgages for several million financially troubled homeowners.
The initiative under review at the Treasury would be an alternative. Borrowers would have to meet standards set by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac or the Federal Housing Administrations that include documenting their income, sources said. Fannie and Freddie were put under government control in September. The Treasury plan would not apply to refinances.
Any efforts by the Treasury to lower rates on new mortgages would work in concert with a Federal Reserve plan announced last week to buy $500 billion worth of existing mortgage-backed securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and $100 billion worth of those companies’ debt.
The Fed was pleasantly surprised that 30-year fixed mortgage rates fell by as much as three-quarters of a percentage point in anticipation of their program. Homeowners rushed to refinance. Cheaper monthly payments may bolster consumer spending, the most important component of U.S. economic activity.
‘Short-term windfall’
News of the Treasury plan spread quickly through the markets. Shares of home builders rose. At Long & Foster, the Washington area’s largest real estate brokerage, top brass informed agents that they should gear up for increased demand from potential buyers.
“This is going to be a short-term windfall that everybody needs to jump on,” said Dave Stevens, the firm’s president and chief operating officer and a former Freddie Mac official. The move by the Treasury certainly would mean “interest rates will drop,” he added.
But it is unclear whether lower mortgage rates will spark home buying, which is a weightier decision for ordinary people than refinancing a loan.
There are also questions about how much the Treasury would spend to buy down the mortgage rate. One industry source said another idea being pushed by trade groups calls for the Treasury to spend $50 billion of its $700 billion financial rescue package to reduce the fees, or points, that home buyers pay when they want a lower rate for a mortgage.
Yesterday, the average rate on a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage increased slightly to 5.75 percent yesterday, up from 5.54 the previous day, said Keith Gumbinger, a vice president at research firm HSH Associates.
“What’s not known is the timing of the purchasing of the mortgage-backed securities and how quickly money will be pumped into the marketplace and that matters as to how low the mortgage rates will go,” Gumbinger said.
Staff writer Neil Irwin contributed to this report.
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